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The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been significant progress in non-invasive sampling techniques, which serve as effective tools in treating and managing various chronic diseases. Among these techniques, dried saliva spot (DSS) sampling of human saliva has emerged as a prominent alternative to serum for detecting targeted molecules. The diagnostic potential of saliva has been extensively studied, highlighting its applicability across a spectrum of diseases. In addition to DSS, other sampling methods, such as dried plasma spots, dried blood spots, and dried matrix spots, have been explored. Various types of filter papers have been employed in DSS sampling procedures, with notable examples including the utilization of Whatman™ 903 Protein Saver cards for identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or LC-mass spectrometry analysis. Following sample collection onto the respective filter paper, specialized tools are employed to facilitate subsequent processes such as solvent extraction, evaluation of extraction, and drying times. DSS has found diverse applications, including the analysis of lidocaine in human saliva, serving as a diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus, detecting antiepileptic, antipsychotic, and antidepressant drugs in oral fluid, identifying spinal muscle atrophy, determining uric acid levels in saliva, analyzing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody levels, and detecting carriage of S. pneumoniae using (PCR). The utilization of DSS sampling represents a novel approach in the management and treatment of various chronic diseases.

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