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The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Abstract

Background: Dandruff is a common scalp disorder associated with altered sebum secretion and microbial imbalance, particularly between Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus, which correlates with disease severity.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop and optimize a multifunctional leave-on hair and scalp spray with anti-dandruff, nourishing, and protective properties.
Materials and Methods: Micelles containing Rhinacanthus nasutus extract were prepared using eco-friendly methods, including film hydration and direct solubilization. The formulations were optimized and evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug release, and antibacterial activity.
Results: The optimized micellar spray (BP), prepared through direct solubilization in citrate buffer, exhibited a mean particle size of 192.45 ± 8.92 nm, a low polydispersity index (0.34 ± 0.02), and good colloidal stability with a zeta potential of 25.27 ± 1.96 mV. BP showed favorable sprayability with a spread diameter of 7.3 ± 0.1 cm and a droplet size of 249.43 ± 19.59 μm (span 1.52 ± 0.08). It demonstrated significantly higher cumulative release compared with the non-micellar formulation (92.38 ± 4.11% vs. 63.12 ± 8.87% at 6 h, P < 0.05). Antibacterial activity was observed against Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations values, expressed as total phenolic content of 9.67, 9.67, and 20.94 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activity of BP in RAW 264.7 macrophages was comparable to the ethanolic extract and the positive control.
Conclusion: The developed micellar spray exhibits promising physicochemical and biological performance, supporting its potential as a prototype for dandruff treatment and scalp care.

DOI

10.56808/3027-7922.3519

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