Fetal losses associated with PRRSV, PPV, and PCV2 detection

Authors

Em-on Olanratmanee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-okFollow
Pachara Pearodwong, School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn UniversityFollow
Duangkamol Lewchalermwong, Department of Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart UniversityFollow
Padet Tummaruk, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science; Center of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Chulalongkorn UniversityFollow

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections associated with fetal losses in 10 commercial swine herds in Thailand. Samples were collected from 100 sows and included 25 aborted fetuses, 35 mummified fetuses, and 40 stillborn piglets. The average parity number of the sows was 2.8 ± 2.4, ranging from 0 to 11. Fetal age was determined based on either the day of abortion or estimated using crown-rump length, and categorized as ≥70 days. Organs from each case were pooled, homogenized, and tested for PRRSV (n = 100) using reverse transcription PCR, and for PPV and PCV2 (n = 60 each) using conventional PCR. PRRSV, PPV, and PCV2 were detected in 66.0% (66/100), 0% (0/60), and 93.3% (56/60) of samples, respectively. Specifically, PRRSV was identified in 52.0% (13/25) of aborted fetuses, 62.9% (22/35) of mummified fetuses, and 77.5% (31/40) of stillborn piglets (P = 0.096). PCV2 was detected in 94.1% (16/17), 96.7% (29/30), and 84.6% (11/13) of the same groups, respectively (P = 0.343). Co-infection with PRRSV and PCV2 was observed in 60.0% (36/60) of cases, specifically in 13.3% of aborted (n = 8), 30.0% of mummified (n = 18), and 16.7% of stillborn (n = 10) fetuses. No significant differences in PRRSV or PCV2 detection were found based on sow parity or fetal age group (P > 0.05). Among PRRSV-positive samples, genotypes 1, 2, and mixed types accounted for 30.3%, 37.9%, and 31.8%, respectively (P = 0.728). Interestingly, 92.3% of stillborn piglets tested positive for either PRRS or PCV2, while only 7.7% were free from all the viruses investigated. Similarly, all mummified fetuses (100%) were infected with either PRRS or PCV2, with none testing negative for the examined viruses. Among aborted fetuses, 94.1% were positive for either PRRS or PCV2, whereas only 5.9% were virus-free. These results highlight a strong association between PRRSV and PCV2 infections and fetal losses, underscoring the importance of targeted surveillance and control measures in Thai swine herds.

DOI

10.56808/2985-1130.3864

First Page

1

Last Page

8

Recommended Citation

Olanratmanee, Em-on; Pearodwong, Pachara; Lewchalermwong, Duangkamol; and Tummaruk, Padet (2025) "Fetal losses associated with PRRSV, PPV, and PCV2 detection," The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine: Vol. 55: Iss. 3, Article 6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56808/2985-1130.3864
Available at: https://digital.car.chula.ac.th/tjvm/vol55/iss3/6