Fabrication of a chitosan‒Fe3O4/activated carbon/TiO2 nanocomposite as a Pb(II) heavy metal adsorbent

Authors

• Berliantty Warim Putri
• Arif Hidayat
• Lya Rizka Herawati
• Poppy Puspitasari
• Nandang Mufti
• Yap Wing Fen
• Muhammad Safwan Abdul Aziz
• Tahta Amrillah
• Ahmad Taufiq

Publication Date

2026

Abstract

Nowadays, water pollution by heavy metal Pb(II) is a significant issue in many countries, including Indonesia. To overcome this problem, a suitable and efficient waste treatment method is necessary. Therefore, in this work, Fe3O4/AC/TiO2 nanocomposite modified with chitosan (CS) for the treatment of Pb (II) waste were investigated. CS was used due to its OH and NH2 functional groups, which enable the formation of a new hybrid nanocomposite that can be used repeatedly. To reduce production costs, environmentally friendly, raw natural materials, such as iron sand, coconut shells, and shrimp shells, were employed. The XRD characterization results indicate that the crystallite size of Fe3O4 is in the range of 16.05 nm to 24.52 nm, while that of TiO2 is 25.22 nm. The SEM‒EDX characterization indicates that the particle morphology is imperfectly round and aggregated. Furthermore, the FTIR analysis indicates the presence of N–H, Fe–O, C=O, and Ti–O–Ti functional groups, representing the CS, Fe3O4, AC, and TiO2 characteristics. The VSM results demonstrate that the CS-Fe3O4/AC/TiO2 exhibits superparamagnetic properties. In the Pb (II) heavy metal uptake test, CFAT 1 showed the most optimal results when the adsorption test was conducted for 120 min, resulting in an efficiency of 99.88%. Furthermore, this sample can be used repeatedly in four adsorption-desorption cycles. This suggests that the CS‒Fe3O4/AC/TiO2 nanocomposite can be an effective Pb(II) heavy metal absorbent.

DOI

10.55713/jmmm.v36i2.2386

First Page

1

Last Page

12

Recommended Citation

Warim Putri, Berliantty; Hidayat, Arif; Rizka Herawati, Lya; Puspitasari, Poppy; Mufti, Nandang; Wing Fen, Yap; Safwan Abdul Aziz, Muhammad; Amrillah, Tahta; and Taufiq, Ahmad (2026) "Fabrication of a chitosan‒Fe3O4/activated carbon/TiO2 nanocomposite as a Pb(II) heavy metal adsorbent," Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals: Vol. 36: No. 2, Article 5.
DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v36i2.2386
Available at: https://digital.car.chula.ac.th/jmmm/vol36/iss2/5