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The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Abstract

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a well-established and effective intervention for managing allergic conditions. However, systemic reactions (SRs) pose a significant clinical concern. This meta-analysis seeks to synthesize existing research to identify and evaluate the risk factors associated with SRs in AIT. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed across multiple databases to identify studies focusing on SR risk factors in AIT. Study heterogeneity was quantified using I² statistics, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with a random-effect model. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Results: The build-up phase of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) emerged as a key risk factor, with a pooled OR of 5.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.10–9.74). A high level of heterogeneity (I² = 92.34%) was observed, reflecting substantial variability in study designs. Comparisons of novel versus conventional SCIT protocols revealed no significant differences in safety profiles (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.85–1.36). Conclusion: The build-up phase of AIT presents the greatest risk for SRs, underscoring the critical need for rigorous patient monitoring during this stage. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate the safety of novel SCIT protocols and investigate the benefits of localized allergen exposure strategies.

DOI

10.56808/3027-7922.3020

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